Evaluating Health Information
健康信息可能非常有用,使我们能够做出重要的健康决定. 然而, health information also can be confusing and overwhelming. Given the wealth of information available through the Internet, journals and other sources, it's important to be able to assess its quality. 这可能很困难,因为由于新的研究,健康信息不断变化,而且治疗特定疾病可能有不同的有效方法.
Although there is no simple rule to determine the validity of online information, 有一些有用的指南可以用来评估其可信度和准确性.
Is the Source Credible?
理想情况下,期刊或网络上的信息应该有一个可识别的来源或作者. In considering the credibility of the source, ask yourself whether the particular source you are reading is likely to be fair, objective and lacking in hidden motives.
请仔细检查来源的证书,以确定作者或组织是否具有提供信息所需的专业知识和培训. If the information is medical, credibility is generally enhanced if it is provided by a medical institution, an entity that brings together medically knowledgeable professionals, or a 政府ernment health agency.
知道一份出版物经过了该领域专业小组的同行评审,可以增加信息的可信度. 如果出版商或作者的联系信息以邮寄地址或电话号码的形式列出, this also can add to the legitimacy of the information.
一个重要的线索,可以找到发行者的身份,在网址:
- .edu A Web address that ends in ".“Edu”是由与教育机构(如大学)有关的组织出版的.
- .政府 结尾是".政府" signifies that the web page belongs to a 政府ernmental organization.
- .org An address ending in ".org" belongs to a nonprofit.
- .com 结尾是".com" belongs to a for-profit company.
To summarize, when assessing credibility, consider the following:
- Who published the information?
- 作者是谁??
- What are their credentials?
- Do the authors have a hidden agenda?
- Is the information peer reviewed?
Is the Information Accurate?
When assessing the accuracy, 试着确定这些信息是否有科学研究的证据支持, other data or expert opinion. 如果您收到来自医学杂志的信息,请注明研究的规模和类别. Is the information based on a large or small sample? 仔细阅读文章,看看作者是否讨论了研究的局限性或弱点.
The most reliable evidence comes from randomized controlled studies. 然而, 其他类型的研究或该领域受人尊敬的权威人士的意见也可以为信息提供有效性.
如果你从互联网网站或报纸文章等二手来源获得信息, keep in mind that you are relying on another person's interpretation of the data. Is the information based on evidence from a study, on expert opinion or is it merely the opinion of the writer? Although your local newspaper may provide excellent information on certain topics, 它缺乏癌症杂志或专门从事癌症领域的国家组织的专业知识.
If you need to make an important medical decision, 用十大赌博平台排行榜和其他可靠来源的信息来证实你从当地报纸上得到的信息. 还要检查信息发布的时间或网页最后更新的时间. This is particularly important in the health care field, where information is constantly changing as new discoveries are made.
To summarize, when assessing accuracy, consider the following:
- Is the information based on scientific evidence?
- Is the information supported by facts?
- Is the original source listed?
- Do other sources back up the information?
- Is the information current?
红旗
Information that has no identifiable publisher or author should not be relied on, 除非它有其他来源的符合可信度标准的信息作为支持.
If the purpose of the information is primarily to sell a product, 可能会有利益冲突,因为制造商可能不希望提供会阻止您购买该产品的发现. If you suspect that the intent is to sell you a product, consider getting additional information from a more neutral source.
在其他时候, 消息来源可能不会披露所有信息,或者可能有更微妙和难以察觉的偏见. Even well respected medical journals or websites may have a slight bias, depending on their experience. 例如, 针对外科十大赌博平台排行榜的期刊可能不会讨论其他有效的治疗选择,如放疗或化疗. Although the information may be accurate, it may have a slight bias because of its particular perspective.
When reading health information, notice the date of publication. Given that health information is constantly changing as new discoveries are made, it is important to make sure that the information is current. If the information is based on a study done several years ago, 您应该查找最近的信息,以确保信息仍然有效. 例如, 一个最近没有更新的网站或一篇几年前的文章可能不包括新的有希望的治疗方法的信息.
对那些没有人听说过、没有证据支持的“秘密治疗”或“奇迹般的结果”的耸人听闻的说法持怀疑态度.
记住对来自论坛的信息要有良好的判断力,比如网络聊天室和公告栏. 记住,一个人的经历并不一定适用于你. Although such forums can provide valuable information, 几乎没有适当的保障措施来确保信息的可信度或准确性. Any individual, regardless of expertise or experience, can dispense advice. 这些论坛提供的信息应得到更可靠的信息来源的证实.
此外,糟糕的语法或拼写错误表明质量控制不佳,可能需要谨慎.
To summarize, be skeptical of information when you find these red flags:
- The information is anonymous
- There is a conflict of interest
- The information is one-sided or biased
- The information is outdated
- There is a claim of a miracle or secret cure
- 没有引用证据
- The grammar is poor and words are misspelled
It is important to recognize that the search for information can be confusing, even when you find credible sources of information. 有时,即使是信誉良好的消息来源也会提供相互矛盾的信息或推荐不同的治疗方法. 当没有确凿的证据表明治疗某种特定疾病的最佳方法时,就会出现意见分歧. 在这些情况下, 你可能需要咨询不同的十大赌博平台排行榜来决定最适合你的治疗方案.
In reviewing information, 运用你的判断力, recognizing that evaluating quality is something of an art. 虽然很少有消息来源能达到可信性和准确性的所有标准, 熟悉这些标准可以帮助您更严格地筛选信息,并提供重要的线索,帮助您区分优质和劣质信息.
加州大学旧金山分校健康 medical specialists have reviewed this information. 它仅用于教育目的,并不打算取代您的十大赌博平台排行榜或其他医疗保健提供者的建议. 我们鼓励您与您的供应商讨论您可能遇到的任何问题或疑虑.